A horseshoe kidney with partial duplex systems

Horseshoe kidney is the most common fusion abnormalities in the kidney and occurs in 1 per 400 people with the male:female ratio of 2:1 [1–3]. Horseshoe kidneys may be a result of teratogenic factors, which may also be responsible for the known increase in the incidence of related congenital anomalies and nephroblastoma [4]. Horseshoe kidney is a non-fatal anomaly of renal development that often associated with hydronephrosis and renal calculi [5,6]. Furthermore, tumors that arise from the bridge of a horseshoe kidney may mimic the symptoms of an intra-abdominal disease process [4]. Horseshoe kidneys may occur as an isolated entity, but approximately a third are associated with other congenital anomalies [7]. The combination of horseshoe kidneys with bilateral ureteral duplication is a very rare entity. Only two cases have been reported till now [8,9]. We present a case of a horseshoe kidney with partial duplex systems.